Both of those factors are in play today. The official Polish government report on war damages prepared in 1947 put Poland's war dead at 6,028,000; 3.0 million ethnic Poles and 3.0 million Jews not including losses of Polish citizens from the Ukrainian and Belarusian ethnic groups. It is said that in less than a week after . Ryszard Kaczmarek, Polacy w Wehrmachcie, Wydawnictwo Literackie, Krakw 2010, p.412, Gerhard Reichning, Die deutschen Vertriebenen in Zahlen, Teil 1, Bonn 1995. Because Poland's "allies" feared that if Poland became fully mobilized in August that it might "offend" and "provoke" Germany. After youve been humiliated, there is a limit to the humiliation you are willing to suffer. https://www.britannica.com/question/How-many-people-died-during-World-War-II. However, as history showed, the same could not be said of the French and the British who could have easily stormed through Germany's poorly defended western borders while the bulk of the German army was busy fighting in Poland. Figure of 2,770,000 Poles does not include 100,000 victims of massacres in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia. Around six million Polish people died during the five year German occupation, three million Polish Jews and three million Catholic Poles. 0.510%. The common misconception about the German invasion of Poland is that Germany basically rolled over Poland, which was helpless and unable to defend itself while Great Britain and France are remembered for having declared war on Germany and standing by their Polish ally. Just to put things in perspective, the whole budget of the Polish army, came to less then 10% of what the Germans spent on their air force alone. How many people died during World War II. The estimates for losses of the Jewish population in the Holocaust range from 2.7 million to 3.4 million persons. Whatever there was to do, in philosophical speculation, political action or cultural achievement, appeared to have been done, and done with a supreme vigour and accomplishment, among a people whose history not only had the clarity of distance in time but the wholeness of a completed cycle, from obscurity through world empire to barbarian chaos.. The whole strategy of Poland in 1939 was based on the fact that the UK and France, which had signed defensive military alliances with Poland prior WW2, were supposed to attack Germany two weeks into the war at the latest. Straty osobowe i ofiary represji pod dwiema okupacjami. Civilian. We dont mean to hurt anybody, but were going to win the war and then get out. uczak authored Polska i Polacy w drugiej wojnie wiatowej (Poland and Poles in the Second World War). David Hendrickson is president of the John Quincy Adams Society and professor emeritus of political science at Colorado College. Materski and Szarota.Page 32: Najwicej ydw polskich zgino w obozach mierci - 1 860 000. About 4,200,000 Germans died, and about 1,972,000 Japanese died. [38], In the aftermath of the September 1939 German and Soviet invasion of Poland, the territory of Poland was divided between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union (USSR). The United States went to war. This article provides a summarization of these estimates of Poland's human losses in the war and their causes. War it shall be!. The war was notable for the Nazi-sponsored genocide of the Jewish peoples resulting in more than 5.9 million deaths, and the impact of Total War on the worlds population. World War II is considered the deadliest arm conflict in human history. On September 1, 1939, Germany invaded Poland and started WW2. The Institute of National Remembrance puts the confirmed death toll due to the Soviet occupation at 150,000 persons including 22,000 murdered Polish military officers and government officials in the Katyn massacre. [39], The Institute of National Remembrance puts the confirmed death toll due to the Soviet occupation at 150,000 persons including 22,000 murdered Polish military officers and government officials in the Katyn massacre. Statistical accounting broke down in both Allied and Axis nations when whole armies were surrendered or dispersed. The Polish strategy was to try to preserve the bulk of its army for this future planned offensive, while defending the country. Updates? [6] In Poland this is viewed as inflating Soviet casualties at Poland's expense. They did not provide a detailed population balance showing how the figures were derived. According to research published in 2009 by the Institute of National Remembrance about 1.0 million Polish citizens from all ethnic groups were arrested, conscripted or deported by the Soviet occupiers from 1939 to 1941; including about 200,000 Polish military personnel held as prisoners of war; 100,000 Polish citizens were arrested and imprisoned by the Soviets, including civic officials, military personnel and other "enemies of the people" like the clergy and Polish educators; 475,000 Poles who were considered "enemies of the people" were deported to remote regions of the USSR; 76,000 Polish citizens were conscripted into the Soviet Armed forces and 200,000 were conscripted as forced laborers in the interior of the Soviet Union. Stalin was also waiting to see whether Britain and France would eventually attack Germany. The deaths that directly resulted from the war are about 50-56 million people while about 19-28 million people died from war-related famine and diseases. [52] In a 2009 study by the Polish government affiliated Institute of National Remembrance the total deaths of ethnic Poles and Jews were estimated at 5.6 to 5.8 million persons including 150,000 in Soviet captivity. The totals below should be treated as approximate figures. Justus Doenecke has written more books on the history of antiwar foreign policy than anyone, and hes still going. The IPN also puts the number of Polish citizens conscripted into the German armed forces at 250,000 of whom 60,000 were killed in action. Around 6 million Polish citizens perished during World War II: about one fifth of the pre-war population. Konflikt polsko-ukraiski 1943- 1947. Warsaw 2005. Within Poland, the IPN (Polish Institute of National Remembrance) places their estimated war dead between 5.6 and 5.8 million people. STANISAWA LESZCZYCKIEGO, Bibliography of Poland during World War II, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=World_War_II_casualties_of_Poland&oldid=1125563779, Total Population of ethnic Poles and Polish Jews (only) in 1939, Murdered in the extermination camps, executions, liquidation of ghettos, Prisons, concentration camps, epidemics, extenuation, bad treatment, Outside the camps: because of extenuation, wounds, injuries, beatings, hard labour, Victims of prisons and concentration camps, Ethnic Polish Victims During German Occupation, Less population Not Capable of Resistance, Population Capable of Resistance-October 1939, Population Capable of Resistance Oct 1939, Total population Capable of Resistance-May 1945, Population of 27,007,000 includes 5,193,000 Poles and Jews in the. Many Polish citizens were pressured to sign the Volksliste in order to avoid Nazi reprisals. Farmers were murdered during pacifications of villages. Straty osobowe i ofiary represji pod dwiema okupacjami. They teach that the fervent desire to stay out of war may succumb in time to what Jefferson called the chapter of accidents. Were just in Week One of the new world aborning, not fully conscious of all the tumbling dominos to follow. During the occupation many Non-Jewish ethnic Poles were killed in mass executions, including an estimated 37,000 Poles[24] at the Pawiak prison complex run by the Gestapo. Wojciech Materski and Tomasz Szarota. 2000 2050. The whole strategy of Poland in 1939 was based on the fact that the UK and France, which had signed defensive military alliances with Poland prior WW2, were supposed to attack Germany two weeks into the war at the latest. WW2 German Death Card Sterbebild Grenadier Regt EK2 1944 France (Normandy) $25.63 + $13.18 shipping . The Polish army managed to destroy more then one quarter of all German tanks, hundreds of armored cars and the Polish air force managed to shoot down hundreds of Germans planes. Was the Russian elite all lying when they said that the idea of a full-scale Russian invasion was a fantasy of the United States, that there was no way Putin would do something so foolish, that these projections reflected a big plot by the usual suspects? An estimated 5,800,000 Poles died, which was 20 percent of Poland's prewar population. As Germany . France, Battle of In the early dawn hours of April 9, German troops crossed the Danish border, and German warships sailed into Copenhagen 's harbour. Losses Inflicted on Poland by Germany during World War II. Polska 19391945. In the latter category fall about 5,700,000 Jews, more than half of them from Poland, who died in Nazi concentration and death camps. The United States, in effect, would guarantee a future peace settlement. The government of Germany reported that about 4.3 million military personnel either died or are missing and 0.5-2 million civilian deaths. The war left at least 70 million people dead or 3% of the worlds population at the time. Warsaw[68], Franciszek Proch was a Polish lawyer and journalist. I dont think that Foreign Ministry spokesperson Maria Zakharova saw it coming; that Russias Deputy Minister to the United Nations saw it coming; that the oligarchs saw it coming; that most of the Russian people saw it coming. Become a Member today for a growing stake in the conservative movement. 621, Grzegorz Motyka, Od rzezi woyskiej do akcji "Wisa". Current Historical U.N. Piotrowski's assessment in 1998 of Polish war losses is that "Jewish wartime losses in Poland are estimated to be in the 2.7-2.9 million range. There was little organized resistance, and by noon the whole of Denmark was occupied. What happen during second word war with Poland vs Germany, similar conflict seen in Russia Vs Ukraine. [17] The IPN puts the death toll of ethnic Poles under the German occupation at 2,770,000[4] and 150,000 due to Soviet repression[4]. If the U.S. treated other NATO members the way it treats Hungary, its influence in Europe would decline. Total Polish War losses were 6 million persons. . [35] During the war there was an increase in infectious diseases caused by the general malnutrition among the Polish population. The Government of Russia, following a study conducted by the Russian Academy of Science in 1993, puts the deaths at 26.6 million, including about 8.66 million military deaths. [56] Polish demographer Piotr Eberhardt maintains that it is commonly agreed that the criterion of declared language to classify ethnic groups led to an overestimation of the number of Poles in pre-war Poland. The Allies responded to Wilsons posture in the same way the Ukrainians have done in the present crisis: Hello, Uncle Sam, there happens to be a war going on right now, raising the issue of aggression in the starkest terms, so dont tell us what youre going to do later on. The 7TP was the most modern Polish tank at the time of the outbreak of WW2. While the treatment of factory workers or farm hands often varied depending on the individual employer, most Polish laborers were compelled to work longer hours for lower wages than Western Europeans. Americas Hungary-Bashing Has Consequences. The number of Germans who died in World War II is not clear. The following schedule details these losses. The war left at least 70 million people dead or 3% of the world's population at the time. Poland had been the victim of many invasions over the years. Advertisement A harrowing journey One survivor of the death march told the Allies how, "on January 18, 1945, some 3,000 prisoners. Stanislav Petrov, the man who stopped a USSR - US nuclear war by doing nothing. This was later corroborated by a top German General, Alfred Jodl, who served as the Chief of the Operations Staff of the Armed Forces High Command (and the man speaking to Hitler in the picture), who stated at the Nuremberg trials that: Now, its total economic sanctions and no U.S. forces in the melee. The IPN maintains that accurate figures for these losses are not available because of border changes and population transfers, according to their figures 308,000 Polish citizens from the ethnic minorities were deported into the interior of the Soviet Union and were conscripted into the Soviet armed forces. After youve shown that your word is not your bond, you face strong pressure to show that it is. Omissions? The war to end all wars, the great war, the Kaiser's war, the European war, first world war. The Polish Institute of National Remembrance (IPN) estimates total deaths under the German occupation at 5,470,000 to 5,670,000 Jews and Poles,[7] 2,770,000 Poles,[8] 2.7 to 2.9 million Polish Jews [9] According to IPN research there were also 150,000 victims of Soviet repression.[10]. In a section on the demographic losses he presented estimated losses with some brief observations. American war planners knew in 1941 that Germany was the primordial threat, but American public opinion had resided for two years in the same anomalous state as we find today in Ukraine policy. [27] By 1950 670,000 ethnic Germans from prewar Poland had fled or were expelled and about 40,000 remained in Poland; about 200,000 Polish citizens who were on Volksliste groups 1 and 2 during the war were rehabilitated as Polish citizens. Note: The number in parentheses indicates a negative amount (a negative balance)Source of figures: Kazimierz Piesowicz, Demograficzne skutki II wojny swiatowej Studia Demograficzne, No. per capita), Stephane Courtois, The Black Book of Communism: Crimes, Terror, Repression, Harvard Univ Pr, 1999, Paul Robert Magocsi. Back then, it was all out aid to the allies, while staying out of the war. Warsaw 1947. Around 250,000 of France's 600,000 deaths were military personnel. Records are incomplete, and the Soviet control of Poland for 50 years after the war impeded independent scholarship. The figures are uczak's estimates. Page 36. Population of 35.339 million includes about 240,000 in Polish annexed Zaolzie area around esk Tn. Why? Corrections? Dane te zostay uzupenione o wyliczenia z innych rde. . The last thing Hitler wanted was to find himself fighting a war on two fronts. During World War II, Irena Szydowska was a courier for the Polish Home Army, an . During the German occupation Polish citizens from ethnic minorities were deported to Germany for forced labor. Western technological advances had turned upon itself, bringing about the most destructive war in human . Instead, they will find in the early 21st century the unwholesome effluvia of all the old sins, especially the bitter ethnic hatreds that, from time immemorial, have thrown human beings into the pit. The Polish War casualties have been contradicted with the Polish government reporting 6.02 million deaths including 3 million ethnic Poles and 3 million Jews. Projections -2.00 -1.00 0.00 1.00 Annual % Change. However, it is estimated that at least 6.9 million of them were killed and another 7.3 million wounded. The Polish strategy was to try to preserve the bulk of its army for this future planned offensive, while defending the country. The deaths that directly resulted from the war are about 50-56 million people while about 19-28 million people died from war-related famine and diseases. Sound familiar? Before he went to war, however, Wilsons policy reflected the same weird combination of no, were not intervening now, but yes, at some future date we will guarantee everything that we saw, in the year before Putins War, in the Biden policy toward NATO expansion. [58][59][60], A. Their figure of 6,028,000 Polish war dead has been cited in historical literature since then. [66] This study was to remain secret and not published until after the collapse of communism in Poland. This is one more item in the index of the folly of the venture, this big surprise sprung by Putin on his people, because the reason those characters didnt see it coming was that it looked just plain incoherent and crazy on its face. The main causes of these losses are as follows. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, pg. During the war he was imprisoned at the Dachau concentration camp. Losses during the German occupation of Polish territory were 5.1 million persons. Dzieje Najnowsze Rocznik XXI- 1994, Victims of the Nazi Regime-Database of Polish citizens repressed under the German Occupation, This page was last edited on 4 December 2022, at 17:51. They did this for 8 months until Germany invaded France on May 8, 1940. Instead they backstabbed and sacrificed their ally hoping that it would satisfy Hitler's and Nazi Germany insatiable appetite for conquest and bloodshed. Even in November 1941, despite an ongoing quasi-war with German U-Boats in the North Atlantic, polls showed that 70 percent of the public still wanted to stay out. The Polish strategy was to try to preserve the bulk of its army for this future planned offensive, while defending the country. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. However inexact many of the figures, their main import is clear. From really outstanding foundations the Americans forgot and then abandoned the ideas and principles that made them a people to be admired and copied. His website is davidhendrickson.org. In its fog, discerning its significance and direction is intrinsically difficult. "[91], Poland lost a total of about 140,000 regular soldiers killed and missing. Thousands died in the Luftwaffe bombing of Warsaw as Hitler's forces invaded Estimates vary, but more than five million Polish citizens were killed during the war, perhaps as much as 17% of the. German losses, of which the greater proportion occurred on the Eastern Front, were only slightly less severe. All maps, graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions 2023 worldatlas.com, The Countries That Remained Neutral In WWII. WWI lasted for 4 years; from 1914 to 1918. The carnage of World War II was unprecedented and brought the world closest to the term "total warfare.". Please help support Dispropaganda by clicking on the "Donate" button and making a The original and supplementary records have since been transferred to the Modern Military Branch, National Archives and Records Administration located at: 8601 Adelphi Road, College Park, MD 20740-6001. Please help support Dispropaganda by clicking on the "Donate" button and making a. Institute of National Remembrance (IPN) Warszawa 2009 .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}ISBN978-83-7629-067-6 Page 15 (There was no explanation given for the difference of 9,300 between this schedule and the total losses of 5,085,000 persons in the description of the Ministry of Finance Report, see above). We cannot know the scale of Ukraines resistance. In all, the scale of human losses during World War II was vast. Victims of Soviet Terror- 1,800,000 deported and 750,000 released; 1,050,000 dead (15,000 Katyn; 565,000 in Labor camps; 220,000 Missing; 150,000 Died since 1955; 100,000 unaccounted for). An additional 660,000 Jews from other countries, were transported to Auschwitz and murdered. An estimated 40,000,000 to 50,000,000 people died during World War II. Just after the world war 1, Spanish flue spread drastically killing 50 million. About 298,000 Americans died. This stance bears close comparison with President Bidens policy of inviting Ukraine to join NATO at some future date, but with no commitment of U.S. military power in the here and now. Prior to the war the area which became the General Government was not self sufficient in agricultural production and was a net importer of food from other regions of Poland. The second reason has to do with the Polish state itself. [76], Thaddeus Piotrowski is a Polish-American sociologist. The Soviet occupied territories of Poland, with total population of 13.0 million, was subjected to a reign of terror. 2022. Losses in the USSR included mass executions and the deaths of those persons deported and resettled in the USSR. One of the great pleasures of historical study is that it allows students to cast away the sorry stupid world in which they live, and instead enter the domain of lost civilizations that contain episodes of outstanding human endeavor and accomplishment. In addition to the above losses there was a decrease of 1,215,000 births. Czesaw uczak was a Polish historian, and Rector of the Adam Mickiewicz University from 1965 to 1972, from 1969 to 1981 and from 1987 to 1991; director the University's Institute of History. He didnt consult anybody, just did it. [17], B. Wojciech Materski, Tomasz Szarota (2009), Maly Rocznik Statystyczny Polski-London 1941. The Germans also sent three million Polish people back to the reich to be used as slaves. That, along with use it or lose thinking by the military staffs, provided a great impetus to the ensuing conflagration. The scale of Chinas involvement in World War II was massive and was considered one of the big four at the end of the conflict. Institute of National Remembrance (IPN), Warszawa 2009, ISBN978-83-7629-067-6. The Soviet Union and China are believed to have suffered the most total casualties, while an estimated 5,800,000 Poles died, which represents about 20 percent of Polands prewar population. The table contains what appear to be the best available statistics on armed forces casualties of all types resulting from battle, of civilian deaths from war-related causes, and estimated total deaths in each of the major nations involved in World War II. Social relations with Germans outside work were forbidden, and sexual relations ("racial defilement") were considered a capital crime punishable by death. Approximately three million Polish Jews were victims of the Holocaust. "Dispropaganda" - An independent and politically unbiased website which strives to tell historical, political and contemporary, unfashionable, hidden truths through the use of satire and humor. The fact they betrayed Poland and did nothing else for eight long month until Germany invaded France on May 10, 1940 has been conveniently forgotten by many and almost airbrushed out of the general historical memory. Straty osobowe i ofiary represji pod dwiema okupacjami. A table that details estimated deaths by country is available here. (The number is probably higher if we add all those who died at the hands of the Ukrainian Nationalists. There are no reliable figures for the casualties of the Soviet Union and China, the two countries in which casualties were undoubtedly greatest. The invader finds itself doing all sorts of odious things that it did not intend, but which the press of necessity (the alternative is losing) seems to command. [84], Source: Wojciech Materski and Tomasz Szarota. $35.40 + $13.18 shipping . It is estimated that the Soviet Union lost 27 million military and civilians in World War II. World War 2 was the bloodiest conflict in human history. These civilian deaths are even more difficult to determine, yet they must be counted in any comparative evaluation of national losses. Additionally, at least one million Jews were murdered in the. When the war entered its third week the Polish army fielded more then 250,000 troops and was stil inflicting heavy casualties on the Germans. Institute of National Remembrance (IPN), Warszawa 2009, ISBN978-83-7629-067-6. The German invasion of Poland was a primer on how Hitler intended to wage war-what would become . Germany suffered over 60,000 casualties in the Polish campaign while the Poles suffered military losses of around 66,000 soldiers who were either killed or missing in action. President Bidens policy is all-out economic war against Russia, with a strict red line against actual U.S. military involvement. In its fog, discerning its significance and direction is intrinsically difficult. Mainly for this reason, estimates of total dead in World War II vary anywhere from 35,000,000 to 60,000,000a statistical difference of no small import. [27], The Polish government estimate of war dead in 1947 was based on the results of the 1931 Polish census using the criterion of language spoken to breakout the various ethnic groups. Taylor called the 1914 dynamic war by timetable, focusing on the German Armys precise schedules for mobilization, but the inexorable compulsion was the commanding necessity to destroy the enemy before he annihilated you. During the war 522,149 ethnic Germans from other nations were settled in Poland by the Third Reich. Each sailor or marines service number, rank, rate, casualty code, and date of casualty are listed. Poland did not lose the war because it was defeated by Germany or by the USSR, but because it was betrayed by the British and the French, her "allies". Page 20. One in every five Poles was murdered by the Germans during WW2. The U.S. Medal of Honor was first created during the U.S. Civil War and is the highest military award or decoration presented by the. Defeat the Axis, said Franklin Roosevelt in 1940 and 1941, but stay out of the war. [39], E. Population Not Capable of Resistance(100% ages 114; 50% ages 1519; 30% women 20-39; 100% over 70 years and 632,000 disabled) [81], Source of figures: Bajer, Kazimierz Zakres udziau Polakw w walce o niepodlego na obszarze pastwa polskiego w latach 1939-1945, "Zeszyty Historyczne Stowarzyszenia onierzy Armii Krajowej", (Krakw) 1996 Page 14, A. Bajer uses the 1947 Bureau of War Damages figures as the base to compute his estimate of ethnic Polish war dead. Assessments and Estimatesan Outline The Polish Quarterly of International Affairs, 2007, no. Population not ethnic Polish includes 2,916,000 Jews. They entered the Old World to reform it but then got swallowed and broken by its enmities. One month later, he made some peace offers to the governments of Britain and France, who took long to reply. The Fallen of World War II is an interactive documentary that examines the human cost of the second World War and the decline in battle deaths in the years since the war. Bajer, Kazimierz Zakres udziau Polakw w walce o niepodlego na obszarze pastwa polskiego w latach 1939-1945, "Zeszyty Historyczne Stowarzyszenia onierzy Armii Krajowej", (Krakw) 1996 Page 11, Materski and Szarota. In 2009 the Polish Institute of National Remembrance (IPN) put the total of Jewish deaths at 2.7 to 2.9 million. Bajer, Kazimierz Zakres udziau Polakw w walce o niepodlego na obszarze pastwa polskiego w latach 1939-1945, "Zeszyty Historyczne Stowarzyszenia onierzy Armii Krajowej", (Krakw) 1996 (This article is available in Polish libraries and at the Stanford Univ. Projections 8.000 9.000 10.000 11.000 12.000 13.000 Deaths per 1000 People. The invation is also known in Poland as the September campaign ( Polish: kampania wrzeniowa) or 1939 defensive war (Polish: wojna obronna 1939 roku) and known in Germany as the Poland campaign ( German: berfall auf Polen, Polenfeldzug ). The authors of the Oxford Companion to World War II maintain that "casualty statistics are notoriously unreliable". "No Simple Victory"." Some of the estimated numbers of deaths and wounded are unreliable and have been contested several times. In East Asia, the victims of famine and pestilence in China are to be numbered in the millions, in addition to other millions of both soldiers and civilians who perished in battle and bombardment. Ethnic Polish losses are currently estimated in the range of 2 million. [42], An estimated 50,000 to 100,000 [43][44][45] ethnic Poles were killed in an ethnic cleansing operation carried out by the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA) beginning in March 1943 and lasting until the end of 1944 in the Nazi occupied Volhynia and Eastern Galicia. "The Polish Campaign 1939." How many people died during World War II? The logic of events meant that the gap would somehow get closed. Civilian deaths from land battles, aerial bombardment, political and racial executions, war-induced disease and famine, and the sinking of ships probably exceeded battle casualties. 92, 105, 118, and 325, Gross Pages 92-93(Gross cites Polish sources that show pre-war the average per capita grain consumption in Poland of 246.4 kg. Non-Jewish ethnic Poles in large cities were targeted by the apanka policy which the German occupiers utilized to indiscriminately round up civilians off the street to be sent as forced laborers to Germany. History of Accounting for the War Dead from World War 2, U.S. Military World War 2 Medal of Honor Recipients, Negative Effects on the U.S. Economy Caused by World War 2, The P-51 Mustang in Europe, The need for and effects of the P-51 Mustang in the skies over Europe. linda marie grossman, is it safe to take tylenol after a stroke,
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